Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
A relationship between lung function and sarcopenia has been suggested. This study aimed\nto evaluate the association between lung function and abdominal skeletal muscle mass, as measured\nby computed tomography (CT)...........................
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the timing of the first prenatal\nultrasound in Canada.\nMethods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Maternity Experiences Survey, a cross-sectional survey covering\ndifferent aspects of pregnancy, labour, birth and the post-partum period. Bivariate and multivariate multinomial\nlogistic regressions were performed to assess the relationship between timing of first prenatal ultrasound and\ndifferent independent variables.\nResults: 68.4% of Canadian women received an optimally timed first prenatal ultrasound, 27.4% received early\nultrasounds and 4.3% received late ultrasound. The highest prevalence of early ultrasound was in Ontario (33.3%)\nand the lowest was in Manitoba (13.3%). The highest prevalence of late ultrasound was found in Manitoba (12.1%)\nand the lowest was in British Columbia and Ontario (3.5% each). The highest prevalence of optimal timing of first\nprenatal ultrasound was in Quebec (77%) and the lowest was in Ontario (63.2%). Factors influencing the timing of\nultrasound included: Early - maternal age < 20 (adjusted OR = 0.54, 95%CI:0.34-0.84), alcohol use during pregnancy\n(adjusted OR = 0.69, 95%CI:0.53-0.90), history of premature birth (adjusted OR = 1.41, 95%CI:1.06-1.89), multiparity\n(adjusted OR = 0.67, 95%CI:0.57-0.78), born outside of Canada (adjusted OR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.67-0.99), prenatal care in\nNewfoundland and Labrador (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95%CI:1.20-1.30), Nova Scotia (adjusted OR = 1.68, 95%CI:1.25-2.\n28), Ontario (adjusted OR = 2.16, 95%CI:1.76-2.65), Saskatchewan (adjusted OR = 1.50, 95%CI:1.05-2.14), Alberta\n(adjusted OR = 1.37, 95%CI:1.05-1.77) British Columbia (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95%CI:1.45-2.50) and Manitoba (adjusted\nOR = 0.66, 95%CI:0.45-0.98) Late - unintended pregnancy (adjusted OR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.38-2.59), born outside of\nCanada (adjusted OR = 1.75, 95%CI:1.14-2.68), prenatal care in Manitoba (adjusted OR = 2.88, 95%CI:1.64-5.05) and\nthe Territories (adjusted OR = 4.50, 95%CI:2.27-8.93). An interaction between history of miscarriage and having\nâ??otherâ?? prenatal care provider significantly affected timing of ultrasound (adjusted OR = 0.31, 95%CI:0.14-0.66).\nConclusion: Only 68% of Canadian women received an optimally timed prenatal ultrasound which was influenced\nby several factors including province of prenatal care, maternal age and country of birth, and an interaction effect\nbetween prenatal care provider and history of miscarriage. These findings establish a baseline of factors influencing\nthe timing of prenatal ultrasound in Canada, which can be built upon by future studies....
Background: Recent studies have highlighted the correlation between diabetes and pancreatic fat infiltration.\nNotably, pancreatic fat content (PFC) is a potential biomarker in diabetic patients, and magnetic resonance imaging\n(MRI) provides an effective method for noninvasive assessment of pancreatic fat infiltration. However, most reports\nof quantitative measurement of pancreatic fat have lacked comparisons of pathology results. The primary objective\nof this study was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of pancreatic MRI by using pancreatic fat fraction (PFF)\nmeasurements with the IDEAL-IQ sequence; the secondary objective was to explore changes in PFC between pigs\nwith and without diabetes.\nMethods: In this prospective study, 13 Bama Mini-pigs (7 females, 6 males; median age, 2 weeks) were randomly\nassigned to diabetes (n = 7) or control (n = 6) groups. Pigs in the diabetes group received high fat/high sugar feed,\ncombined with streptozotocin injections. At the end of 15 months, biochemical changes were evaluated. All pigs\nunderwent axial MRI with the IDEAL-IQ sequence to measure PFF; PFC of fresh pancreatic parenchyma was\nmeasured by the Soxhlet extraction method; and pancreatic fat distribution was observed by histopathology.\nResults of all analyses were compared between the diabetes and control groups by using the Mann-Whitney U-test.\nCorrelations of PFF and PFC, fasting blood glucose (GLU), and serum insulin (INS) were calculated by using the\nSpearman correlation coefficient. Single-measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess\ninterreader agreement..........................
Background: The associations between the severity of interstitial lung disease\nand the stage and histologic type of concurrent lung cancer remain unknown.\nPurpose: To evaluate whether the severity of interstitial lung abnormality\n(ILA), as indicated by quantitative computed tomographic (CT) indexes and\nCT visual score, was correlated with the stage and histological type of concurrent\nlung cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with\nsurgically diagnosed lung cancer and ILA on CT were enrolled in this retrospective\nstudy. The subjects were allocated to one of three groups by histological\ntype: adenocarcinoma group (13 subjects); squamous cell carcinoma\ngroup (10 subjects); and the other histological diagnosis group (5 subjects).\nTwo independent observers evaluated the CT findings to determine the CT\nvisual score, and the kurtosis and skewness of CT-based density histograms\nwere determined. The relationships between severity of ILA and the pathological\nstage and histological type of concurrent lung cancer were evaluated.\nResults: There were no significant differences in the CT visual scores and\nquantitative indexes among the three groups. CT visual score was significantly\nnegatively correlated with pathological stage (r =-0.43, P = 0.025). Conclusion:\nPatients can have only mild ILA on visual scoring but advanced lung\ncancer. Therefore, the frequency of follow-up examination should not be\nbased on the severity of ILA on CT....
Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of estimated energy loss\n(EEL) calculated using a simplified Bernoulli formula at coronary computed\ntomography (CT) and single photon emission computed tomography\n(SPECT) to diagnose ischemia-causing stenosis by invasive fractional flow reserve\n(FFR). Methods: We retrospectively included 43 patients who underwent\ncoronary CT, SPECT, and FFR measurement by catheter within 3\nmonths. When an intermediate stenosis (40% - 70%) was present at CT, EEL\nwas calculated using the following parameters: lesion length, diameter stenosis,\nminimal lumen area, and the myocardial volume. An EEL > 1.17 or diameter\nstenosis > 70% was determined ischemic. Stress-induced ischemia by\nSPECT was determined when a perfusion defect at stress was accompanied\nwith a fill-in at rest.......................
We report the case of a 50-year-old lady who presented to the emergency department complaining of a two-day history of colicky\nright upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, which radiated through to her back, associated with nausea, anorexia, and two episodes of\nvomiting that day. She was found to be tender in the RUQ. Her blood tests were notable for an elevated white cell count. Initial\nimpression was of acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound of her abdomen did not identify any features of acute cholecystitis; however, a\nlarge volume of free fluid was identified within the abdomen. CT of the abdomen/pelvis was obtained which identified dilated\nloops of small bowel, interloop ascites, and a whirl sign highly suggestive of midgut volvulus. During laparoscopy, the midgut\nvolvulus was found to have resolved. No cause for the volvulus could be identified, and the patient was discharged home well on\npostoperative day two....
Loading....